https://doi.org/10.4081/itjm.2024.1833

Vitamin D and intrauterine growth restriction: a cross-sectional study

Vol. 18 No. 4 (2024)
Published: 27 November 2024
Vitamin D, intrauterine growth restriction, placenta
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Authors

Fadhilah Arnan
drfadhilaharnan@gmail.com
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia.
Maisuri T. Chalid
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia.
Monika Fitria Farid
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia.
Efendi Lukas
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia.
Ellen Wewengkang
https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7481-9963
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia.

Vitamin D plays a critical role in maintaining bone health, regulating calcium homeostasis, and modulating immune responses. During pregnancy, it supports fetal bone mineralization and proper placental function. Deficiency in vitamin D can impair calcium absorption, disrupt placental function, and lead to adverse outcomes like intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Despite abundant sunlight, vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in countries like Indonesia. This study evaluates the relationship between maternal vitamin D levels and IUGR risk while considering additional factors like placental function and calcium metabolism. In this cross-sectional study, 60 patients, 30 with IUGR and 30 without, were included. Vitamin D levels were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and statistical analysis compared the IUGR and non-IUGR groups. Baseline data [age, body mass index (BMI), placental inflammation, preeclampsia status] were analyzed using Chi-square and Mann-Whitney tests. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05, using IBM SPSS 24 (IL, USA). A significant association between maternal factors and IUGR was found. Higher BMI (≥25 kg/m2) and placental inflammation were more prevalent in the IUGR group. Vitamin D deficiency was strongly linked to IUGR, with 90% of IUGR cases showing deficient levels. The IUGR group had significantly lower vitamin D levels (13.84 ng/mL versus 25.93 ng/mL), with a strong inverse correlation (r=-0.86, p=0.00). This study shows a strong link between maternal vitamin D deficiency and increased IUGR risk, emphasizing its role in placental function and fetal development.

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How to Cite

Arnan, F., Chalid, M. T., Farid, M. F., Lukas, E., & Wewengkang, E. (2024). Vitamin D and intrauterine growth restriction: a cross-sectional study. Italian Journal of Medicine, 18(4). https://doi.org/10.4081/itjm.2024.1833
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