Comparative analysis of advanced polymerase chain reaction-based detection of Parvovirus B19 in first-trimester pregnant women at Thumbay Hospital, Ajman, United Arab Emirates

Human parvovirus B19 (B19V) is considered a prevalent single-stranded DNA virus belonging to the Parvoviridae family. It can be vertically transmitted from mother to fetus and is primarily spread by respiratory droplets. The clinical presentation of B19V infection varies based on the viral strain and the individual’s age and immune status. This study aims to determine the prevalence of B19V infection among pregnant women in the first trimester and investigate the association between the virus and infected pregnancy results. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Thumbay Hospital, Ajman, United Arab Emirates. Pregnant women in their first trimester who sought antenatal care were included in the study. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used, and the results were confirmed with polymerase chain reaction (PCR). All data were analyzed using SPSS statistical methods. The study population consisted of pregnant women in the first trimester attending Thumbay Hospital. The study focused on B19V prevalence among 87 pregnant women in the first trimester and its association with risk factors. Results showed almost 9% overall prevalence of B19V infection, with higher rates among younger women and women with previous pregnancies. The B19V PCR detects only 5 counts, with 5.7% of samples infected with B19V associated with a higher risk of fetal loss. Early gestational age was detected to have a significant association with a p-value of 0.006. There was an insignificant association between B19V immunoglobulin M PCR infection and others (gravidity along with history of miscarriage and history of blood transfusion). This study provided valuable insights into the prevalence and risk factors associated with B19V infection among pregnant women in the first trimester. The findings highlighted the importance of early detection and appropriate management of B19V infection to prevent severe complications and improve pregnancy outcomes.