https://doi.org/10.4081/itjm.2024.1799

Prevalence and distribution of dry eye disease among patients with type 2 diabetes in Kosovo

Vol. 18 No. 3 (2024)
Published: 4 October 2024
Dry eye disease, Kosovo, ophthalmology, retinopathy
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Authors

Drilon Zekaj
Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina; Eye Clinic, Clinical University Center of Kosovo, Prishtina, Kosovo.
Naim Jerliu
naim.jerliu@uni-pr.edu
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4919-5454
Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina; National Institute of Public Health of Kosovo, Prishtina, Kosovo.
Floriana Kukaj-Zekaj
Eye Clinic “Optika Syri”, Drenas, Kosovo.
Ali Tonuzi
Ophthalmology Service, University Hospital Center “Mother Theresa”, Tirana; Medical University of Tirana, Albania.

This study aimed to assess the prevalence and selected correlates of dry eye disease (DED) among patients with type 2 diabetes in Kosovo. A case-series study was conducted in Kosovo from July 2023 to July 2024, including a consecutive sample of 400 patients with type 2 diabetes aged ≥18 years seeking healthcare services at the Eye Clinic of the Clinical University Center of Kosovo in Prishtina (51% females; overall mean age: 62.4±9.7 years; response rate: 80%). Data collection consisted of a detailed clinical examination and a structured questionnaire. Almost 70% of the patients had DED (standalone or combined with retinopathy, which, in turn, had a separate prevalence of 3%). Significant positive correlates of autonomous and/or combined DED and retinopathy included older age, unhealthy dietary patterns, sedentary lifestyle, high blood pressure, and treatment of diabetes with insulin and pills. Our findings indicate a high prevalence of DED among type 2 diabetes patients in Kosovo. DED and retinopathy were strongly associated with a range of demographic factors, behavioral characteristics, and preexisting conditions pertinent to type 2 diabetes patients in this population.

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How to Cite

Zekaj, D., Jerliu, N., Kukaj-Zekaj, F., & Tonuzi, A. (2024). Prevalence and distribution of dry eye disease among patients with type 2 diabetes in Kosovo. Italian Journal of Medicine, 18(3). https://doi.org/10.4081/itjm.2024.1799
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