https://doi.org/10.4081/itjm.2024.1699

Anticancer effects of punicalagin and 5-fluorouracil on laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma: an in vitro study

Vol. 18 No. 1 (2024)
Published: 22 February 2024
Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, Hep-2 cell line, punicalagin, caspase-3, vascular endothelial growth factor
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Authors

Amany M. Taha
Department of Oral and Dental Pathology, Faculty of Dental Medicine for Girls, Al Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
Eman Abd-Elshafy
Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science (Girls), Al Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
Asmaa M. Khalifa
Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science (Girls), Al Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
Najla Dar-Odeh
najla_dar_odeh@yahoo.com
College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia.
Shadia Elsayed
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3348-3382
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Oral and Dental Pathology, Faculty of Dental Medicine for Girls, Al Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
Daniah S. Alharkan
https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6502-0090
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia.
Aishah Alhodhodi
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia.
Ahmed Mohammed Sapri
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8833-5440
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Egypt.
Yassmeen SalahEldin Ragheb
Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Al-Munirah General Hospital, Ministry of Health, Cairo, Egypt.
Gihan A. Balbola
Department of Oral and Dental Pathology, Faculty of Dental Medicine for Girls, Al Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.

The purpose of this study was to assess the apoptotic effects of punicalagin alone and in combination with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) on laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (Hep-2) cell line. Hep-2 cells were cultured and divided into four groups: Group 1 received no therapy and served as control, Group 2 received 5-FU only, Group 3 received punicalagin only, and Group 4 received a combination of 5-FU and punicalagin. After 48 hours of incubation, cellular changes were examined under an inverted microscope. The methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay, caspase-3 gene level, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) level were assessed. The control group showed the highest mean value of cancer cell proliferation rate (1.595±0.58), followed by the punicalagin group (1.263±0.447), then the 5-FU group (0.827±0.256), while the combination group showed the lowest proliferation rate (0.253±0.111). The combination group showed the highest mean value of caspase-3 concentration (3.177±0.736), followed by the 5-FU group (1.830±0.646), and punicalagin group (0.741±0.302), while the control group showed the lowest mean value (0.359±0.117). Regarding VEGF levels, the control group had a statistically significant higher mean value, followed by the punicalagin and 5-FU groups, and finally, the combination group which showed the lowest value. Punicalagin exerts an anticancer effect through anti-proliferative action and induction of apoptosis on Hep-2 cell line. Combining punicalagin with 5-FU potentiates its anti-proliferative, apoptotic, and anti-angiogenic actions. It, further, helps in mitigating the putative side effects of 5-FU by reducing the dose required for its therapeutic effects.

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How to Cite

Taha, A. M., Abd-Elshafy, E., Khalifa, A. M., Dar-Odeh, N., Elsayed, S., Alharkan, D. S., Alhodhodi, A., Sapri, A. M., Ragheb, Y. S., & Balbola, G. A. (2024). Anticancer effects of punicalagin and 5-fluorouracil on laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma: an <i>in vitro</i> study. Italian Journal of Medicine, 18(1). https://doi.org/10.4081/itjm.2024.1699
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