Epidemiology of comorbidities in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: clusters, phenotypes and outcomes

Submitted: 7 December 2012
Accepted: 7 December 2012
Published: 10 December 2012
Abstract Views: 705
PDF: 906
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COPD is a complex multisystem disease often accompanied by multiple co-morbidities that contribute to symptoms, exacerbations, hospital admissions and mortality. Individual comorbidities can be grouped into clusters of common human pathology: inflammation/immune response (e.g., ischemic heart disease, metabolic syndrome), thrombosis/hemorrhage (e.g., cerebrovascular diseases, pulmonary embolism), fibrosis/cell proliferation (e.g., lung cancer and other malignancies) and apoptosis/necrosis (e.g., osteoporosis, skeletal muscle dysfunction). While the prevalence of the co-morbidities has been described in a number of observational studies, there is considerable variability in results; moreover characterization of cluster of co-morbidities with the most clinical significance in terms of morbidity and mortality is still lacking. Pathological mechanisms underlying some of the identified clusters are well known; others need further clarification to identify possible preventative strategies. Treatment of COPD must include management of the underlying co-morbidities for best outcomes.

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Aryala, S., Diaz-Guzmana, E., & Manninoa, D. M. (2012). Epidemiology of comorbidities in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: clusters, phenotypes and outcomes. Italian Journal of Medicine, 6(4), 276–284. https://doi.org/10.4081/itjm.2012.276

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